Alime Selcuk-Tosun
Selcuk University, Turkey
Title: The effectiveness of motivational interviewing based on the transtheoretical model on the self-efficiency, metebolic control and health behavior of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A one-year follow-up of the randomized controlled trial
Biography
Biography: Alime Selcuk-Tosun
Abstract
Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of motivational interviewing on self-efficiency, metabolic control and health behavioral change during a 12-month period after the motivational interviewing support administered to people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Design: Randomized controlled trial
Material and Method: After the intervention (the sixth month), at the end of the one-year period, researchers were able to reach 32 patients from the study group. The study group was divided into experimental and control groups. After the intervention, no other intervention was administered to both control and intervention groups. The participants received their usual care. Participants in the experimental and control groups were interviewed on the telephone at the eighteenth month after the intervention, and their self-efficiency, metabolic control and health behaviors were evaluated. For data analysis, this study used the t test in independent samples for variables with a normal distribution, and the Mann-Whitney U test and the Friedman test for variables without a normal distribution. The chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables, and p<0.05 was the threshold for statistical significance.
Results: The mean age of participants in the experimental group was 51.83±7.42 years. Of them, 72.2% were female, 55.6% had primary school or less education, and 77.8% had experienced type 2 DM disease for more than 5 years. The mean age of participants in the control group was 53.78±6.65 years. Of them 64.3% were female, 57.1% had primary school or less education, and 57.1% had experienced type 2 DM disease for more than 5 years. The difference of the total self-efficiency, sub-scale scores and metabolic values of the experimental group between follow-ups was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Apart from metabolic values between follow-ups of the control group (preprandial blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, HbA1c, weight, BMI, waist circumference), the total self-efficiency and sub-scale scores were statistically significant (p<0.05). Inter-group comparisons determined that the difference between the sixth and eighteenth months was statistically significant in terms of self-efficiency (except for the medical treatment sub-scale score) and metabolic values (except for postprandial blood glucose and waist circumference) (p<0.05). The eighteenth month follow-up indicated that the groups were similar in terms of medication, nutrition and physical activity (p>0.05).
Conclusion: This study determined that not continuing to provide motivational interviewing based on transtheoretical model administered to people with Type 2 DM after the intervention has a negative effect on self-efficiency levels, metabolic control and health behavioral change. Thus, it is recommended that motivational interviewing based on the transtheoretical model should be periodically conducted considering patients' characteristics.